Today, in metropolitan areas with millions of inhabitants and many environmental, demographic, geophysical and economic parameters changing constantly, it is becoming increasingly difficult to manage the operations of a city, including planning, costing and forecasting of various options. Faced with a myriad of problems such as air pollution, water, energy and shortage, traffic, earthquakes, floods or heavy rainfall, overflowing manholes, disaster recovery, and the common components like transportation, residential preferences or even electoral districts in the current e-election era, there are lots of parameters to monitor, analyze and manage in urban dynamics.

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A key challenge facing humanity is the need to understand and better communicate to all involved the complex relationships between environment and society.